Cold Stress From Cold Conditions-02

 

 Cold Stress From Cold Conditions-02

● Normal body temperature - 98.6F.

● Cold stress occurs when body temperature drops to < 95F Body heat loss.

● Respiration.

● Evaporation.

● Conduction.

● Radiation.

● Convection.

 

HYPOTHERMIA

● Cold kills in 2 distinct steps.

 – Exposure.

 • cold.

 • wind.

 – Exhaustion.

INCREASED RISK

● Predisposing health conditions.

  – cardiovascular disease.

  – diabetes.

  – hypertension.

● Medications.

● Poor physical condition.

Mild hypothermia 

● Body temperature 97F - 93F.

● Shivering.

● Alert.

● Numbness in limbs, loss of dexterity, clumsiness.

● Pain from cold.

Moderate hypothermia

● Body temperature 93F - 90F.

● Same symptoms as mild hypothermia except: 

   shivering may decrease or stop Severe hypothermia.

● Body temperature 90 F - 82F.

● Shivering decreased or stopped.

● Confusion and loss of reasoning.

● Slurred speech.

● Semi to the unconscious.

● Muscular rigidity.

Critical hypothermia

● Body temperature < 82F.

● Unconscious and may appear dead.

● Little breathing.

● Pulse slow.

● Eyes dilated.

● The body is rigid.

 Mild hypothermia - First aid

● Prevent further heat loss.

● Give warm sweet liquids.

 ● Apply gentle heat source.

 ● Exercise to generate heat.

 ● Keep head and neck covered.

 Moderate hypothermia - First aid

 ● Same as mild but limit exercise.

 ● Sips of warm liquids if victim fully conscious.

 ● No alcohol.

 ● Checked by MD.

 Severe hypothermia - First aid

 ● The victim is in serious trouble.

 ● Treat for shock.

 ● Apply external heat source.

 ● Avoid jarring victim.

 ● No food or drink.

 ● Transport gently to the hospital.

 Critical hypothermia - First aid

 ● Don’t give up.

 ● Handle with extreme care.

 ● Tilt head to open airway.

 ● CPR.

 ● Stabilize temperature with an external heat source.

 ● Hospitalization.

 Frostbite

 ● Freezing of deep layers of skin.

 ● Pale, waxy-white skin colour.

 ● Skin becomes hard and numb.

 ● Usually affects.

   : – Fingers and hands.

   – Toes and feet.

   – Ears and nose.

 Frostbite - First aid

● Move victim to warm dry area.

● Remove wet or tight clothing.

● Do not rub affected areas.

● Gently place affected area in warm water.

● Seek medical attention.

 Protection from hypothermia 

● Wear a warm head covering. 

● Wear layered clothing. 

● Protect feet and hands. 

● Drink plenty of fluids.

● Pace yourself during activities in the cold. 

How to protect workers 

● Recognize conditions that lead to cold-induced 

   injuries and illnesses.

● Learn the signs and symptoms of cold-induced

    injuries and illnesses. 

● Train the workforce. 

● Select proper clothing and headwear. 

● Take frequent breaks in a warm area. 

How to protect workers

● Perform work in warmer part of the day.

● Avoid exhaustion and fatigue. 

● Use the buddy system.

● Drink warm beverages. Avoid those with Caffeine. 

● Eat warm, high-calorie foods.

Hypothermia in water 

● Body heat loss is 25 times faster in water than in cold air.

● Swimming increases heat loss by 35% 

● H. E. L. P. reduces heat loss. 

● HUDDLE extends survival time by 50% Water immersion survival. 

H. E. L. P.

● Heat Escape Lessening Posture. 

HUDDLE 

● Extends survival time by 50% over a swimming or 

   treading water.